Type of additive

Purpose and function

Heat stabilizers

Prevent the decomposition of PVC, generally increase the thermal stability of the resin by 10 times

Organotin stabilizer

Used for hard products such as pipes, pipe fittings, windows, etc.

Calcium/zinc stabilizer

Used not only as a plasticizer, but also as a stabilizer for hard products in contact with food

Methyl tin and octyl tin compound stabilizer

Containers used for food contact

Lead stabilizer

Has good non-conductivity, used for plasticized wire and cable ingredients

Barium/zinc stabilizer

Compared with barium/cadmium stabilizers, it is more acceptable to the environment, so it is used as a plasticizer for molded products, profiles and wire coatings

Organic phosphites and hindered phenols

Used as a co-stabilizer

Impact modifier

Various acrylic resins (such as ABS), chlorinated polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate, etc.

Processing aids

The most commonly used are acrylic resins such as polymethacrylate

Lubricant

There are internal lubricants, external lubricants, generally surfactants with polar groups and non-polar groups

Plasticizer

The crystalline area of PVC acts as a cross-linking point, and the amorphous area can accept a large amount of plasticizer to form a rubber-like material. A small amount of plasticizer can provide special properties for special applications

Phthalates

The most commonly used plasticizer, due to environmental issues, some varieties (such as DOP), some countries have banned the use in some fields

Fatty acid esters

Europe is using diisononyl adipate to replace DOP due to concerns about the toxicity of DOP.

Citrate

Products used in contact with food

Parabens

For anti-contamination products

Chlorinated hydrocarbons

Gives flame retardancy and good electrical properties

Fatty Alkyd

Improve flame retardancy, reduce volatility, and make products have good low temperature flexibility

Trimellitic anhydride

Reduce volatility and provide good low temperature performance

Epoxy plasticizer

Reduce volatility

Polymer plasticizer

Reduce volatility

filler

Used to improve rigidity, reduce cost and control gloss

Calcium carbonate

Is the most commonly used filler

Burnt clay

Can improve electrical performance

glass fiber

Improve tensile strength and rigidity, but detract from extensibility

talc

Improve tensile strength and rigidity, but detract from extensibility

Mica

Improve tensile strength and rigidity, but detract from extensibility

pigment

Special filler to give color

Carbon black, titanium dioxide, etc.

Common fillers to give color

Light stabilizer

Play the role of absorbing ultraviolet light, carbon black and titanium dioxide can act as light stabilizers. Various derivatives of benzotriazole are often used as light stabilizers. Some heat stabilizers and hindered amine light stabilizers have special effects

Biocide

It is used to add products such as rain cloth, swimming pool lining, roof sealing, etc. It is often a stable, weather-resistant arsenic compound compatible with PVC and other additives

Flame retardant

The chlorine in PVC itself has a flame retardant effect. Soft products containing more than 30% plasticizer may require flame retardants. Generally antimony oxide, phosphate ester plasticizer and halogenated hydrocarbons